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Nanovaccine Technology
Scanning electron microscopy image of chitosan nanoparticles. Images were captured at magnification of 2 µm and an acceleration voltage of 20 kV.
Uptake of chitosan nanoparticle in the ileum mucosa of birds. Layer chickens were orally treated with saline, Rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) dye or RITC-labelled chitosan nanoparticle (CS-NPs) or RITC-labelled chitosan nanoparticle bound Salmonella flagella (CS-NPs-F). Birds were euthanized after 4 hours of oral inoculation and ileum was harvested, washed, fixed, sectioned, stained with nuclear stain DAPI and visualized under a fluorescent microscope. The pictures were taken using the 2x objective (scale bar: 2000 µm). Indicated arrows marks: 1 -Lamina propria; 2 - Peyer’s patches.
Schematic of Salmonella chitosan NPs vaccine and immune activation in birds. Vaccine NPs entrapped with Salmonella OMPs and flagella and surface labeled with flagella proteins (Sal-NPs). Uptake of Sal-NPs delivered orally in birds by intestinal Peyer’s patch immune cells.
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